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Turmeric Kills C Diff
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Pdf) Curcumin: A Natural Derivative With Antibacterial Activity Against Clostridium Difficile
Editorial Selection Articles are based on recommendations from scientific journal editors from around the world. The editors selected a small number of recently published articles from the magazine that they believed would be of interest or relevance to writers in the field. The aim is to provide an overview of the most interesting work published in various research areas in the journal.
By Chongshan Dai 1, 2, *, Jiahao Lin 1, Hui Li 3, Zhangqi Shen 1, Yang Wang 1, 2, Tony Velkov 4, * and Jianzhong Shen 1, 2, *
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
The rapid spread of antibiotic resistance and the lack of effective drugs to treat infections caused by bacterial-resistant bacteria in animals and human medicine have forced us to look for new ways to fight antibacterials. Natural products have been used as an effective treatment against bacterial infections and continue to be an important source of new antibacterial drugs. Curcumin, an essential component of turmeric, is considered safe to take orally to treat bacterial infections. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin has shown antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial activity of curcumin includes bacterial membrane disruption, inhibition of the production of harmful bacterial virulence and biofilm formation, and induction of oxidative stress. These properties also contribute to the definition of curcumin as a wide-spectrum antibacterial adjuvant, as evidenced by significant additional or synergistic effects with a variety of common antibiotics or non-antibiotic compounds. In this review, we summarize the antibacterial properties, the molecular mechanism of curcumin and discuss its combined use, nanoformulations, safety and current challenges in its development as an antibacterial agent. We hope that this study will provide valuable insights, stimulate further discussion and encourage further development of this promising natural product.
Pdf) Inhibition Of Clostridium Difficile By Natural Herbal Extracts
There is an urgent need for new antibiotic treatment for new infections caused by Gram-negative multidrug-resistant (MDR) “superbugs”, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Gram-positive methrug-resistant Staphylococyr (MR). -ististant S. aureus (VRSA) and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria that produce mobilized colistin resistance (MCR) genes that are resistant to almost all available antibacterial drugs [1]. The 2019 coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19) in particular has led to an increase in the use of antibiotics in all antibiotics, in particular strengthening the development of bacterial resistance, highlighting the unmet medical need for new antibiotics [2].
Since the golden age of the discovery of antibiotics in the middle of the 20th century, natural products have served as the primary basis for the development of many antibiotics in medical practice to date [3]. Natural antibiotics work by directly preventing the growth or killing of bacteria, acting as stimulants or mutants, or as immunomodulators in cells that bind or prevent the pathogenesis of pathogens [1]. For example, recent research by our team has shown that two natural products, α-mangostin and isobavachalcone, can quickly kill many types of MDR bacteria in vitro, including MRSA, VRSA, and MCR-producing. -Enterobacteriaceae [4].
Curcumin ((1E, 6E) -1, 7-bis- (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -hepta-1, 6-dien-3, 5-dione) is one of the main active ingredients of turmeric extract, which . is found in Curcum longa, a type of ginger family plant and is widely grown in southern and southwestern tropical Asia [5]. Curcumin is commonly used as a dye in food or cooking. In China, curcumin has been approved as a dietary supplement to improve animal production [6]. Curcumin has been shown to have direct antibacterial spectrum activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. Curcumin also acts as an immunomodulator, reducing bacterial infections by inhibiting pathogen virulence and improving immunity-mediated immunity [11]. As a potent antibacterial agent for antibacterial membrane permeabilization, curcumin has a clear synergistic or additional antibacterial activity in combination with other traditional antibacterial drugs (e.g., polymyxin B, colistin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline) and active natural ingredients (e.g., berbellocatechine and epigatella epigatella). [9, 12]. Animal studies have shown that curcumin is a topical effective treatment for home skin infections caused by trauma [13]. Importantly, human trials have shown that oral administration of curcumin was safe and effective in skin conditions including psoriasis, infections, acne, skin inflammation, and skin cancer [14]. Bacterial infections contribute to tumorigenesis, and the combination of curcumin and certain drugs has anticancer and antibacterial effects, which will provide a new strategy for the treatment of thyroid cancer [15]. In this review, we review the literature on the antibacterial properties and the molecular mechanism for each curcumin, curcumin-based combinations and nanoformulations, clinical trials and key challenges to provide a clinical application perspective especially for this promising antimicrobial or antibicacterial candidate. broad adjuvant.
The chemistry and structure of curcumin were first described in 1910 by Lampe and Milobedeska. Three years later, in 1913, the synthesis of curcumin was reported and its structure was confirmed [16]. In 1953, Srinivasan reported fragmentation and coefficient of curcumin components by chromatography [17]. Curcumin is a complex compound made up of three hydrophobic curcuminoids, namely demethoxycurcumin (DMC), bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) and curcumin at 17: 3: 77 (Figure 1) [18]. Structurally, curcumin, DMC and BDMC contain two sweet feruloyl rings and orthomethoxy phenolic OH groups (Figure 2). Fragrant cooling rings are equally linked to an aliphatic link consisting of seven carbon atoms and two α, carbonyl-binding groups (e.g., β-diketone moiety) [19]. This seven carbon aliphatic link structure is responsible for the creation of hydrophobic curcumin, which makes it insoluble in water; however, solubility in ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol, and acetone can be found [19]. Curcumin has an ultraviolet (UV) absorption peak (λmax) at 430 nm, due to the structure of the two positive feruloyl rings [19]. Curcumin has two molecular mechanisms, bis-keto and enolate. Its bis-keto form is predominantly in acidic, neutral and solid phases, while the enol form is most commonly found in alkaline conditions [20].
Does Turmeric Kills Clostridium Difficile?
The documented biological functions of curcumin include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer and immunomodulatory functions [20]. Due to its diverse biological functions, curcumin is widely used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including autoimmune, neurological, diabetes, cardiovascular and infectious diseases [5, 21]. In the following discussions, we discuss in more detail the antibacterial activity of curcumin, its mechanism of action, and the restrictions associated with clinical use as an antibiotic treatment.
In 1949, Schraufstatter and his colleagues first reported the antibacterial properties of curcumin [22]. Over the past 70 years, many studies have been conducted on the wide-spectrum inhibitory effect that curcumin exhibits in a variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including A. baumannii, E. faecalis, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Bacillus. subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), Listeria innocua, Streptococcus pyogenes, S. aureus, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Escherichia coli (E. coli salmonicarone, E. mutans (Details shown in table 1) [6, 8, 10, 23, 24]. Importantly, curcumin also notes antibacterial activity against MDR isolates such as polymyxin-resistant K. pneumoniae and MRSA [9, 10, 24]. A recent study by Batista de Andrade Neto et al. reported a minimum of inhibitory concentration ( MIC) values of curcumin versus MRSA alone clinically range from 125–500 μg / mL [25] .A further study by Yasbolaghi Sharahi et al. Reported that MICs curcumin versus MDR-A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were in the range of 128–512 μg / mL [8]. -solubility of curcumin in various vehicles (eg water, DMSO, and ethanol) used by l each research team [26]. In addition, these differences may be related to the MIC test method, the carrier effect on the outer membrane of bacteria, and the purity of curcumin used in the study [27].
Curcumin and its two analogues, DMC and BDMC, have shown antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria [23]. Studies have shown that curcumin can impair the binding and integrity of bacterial cell membranes, both Gram-positive and
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