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But killing the bad guys who are responsible for your infection means that you are also killing the good flora that is crucial for your health. If you have recently taken antibiotics and are wondering how long it will take for your microbiome to return to normal – or even if it is quite possible – then read on.
There are about 100 trillion bacteria in our intestines, so it is impossible to know the exact composition of each microbiome before you start with antibiotics or after they are ready. But modern bowel tests can give us a good idea.
How To Kill Bad Gut Bacteria
Research has shown that antibiotics have the potential to decimate our intestinal bacteria. This means that the round you took before the sinus infection could have cut off your intestinal flora to a tenth of the previous level. Not by a tenth, by a tenth: that’s a 90 percent reduction (Source: NCBI).
How Long Does It Take For Gut Flora To Restore After Antibiotics?
Multiple courses of antibiotics seem to be the most harmful (Source: NCBI), and higher doses of antibiotics taken over a long period of time have the greatest impact. This may be shocking news to many people who – often as teenagers – have been taking antibiotics for months in an attempt to treat acne.
Oluf Pedersen, the leading scientist on the project from 2018, which dealt with the impact of only one course of antibiotics on the microbiome, pointed out that most people will be exposed to antibiotics in several circles. “Concern has to do with the possible permanent loss of beneficial bacteria after multiple exposures to antibiotics in our lives,” he told reporters on the scientific news website ARS TECHNICA (Source: DKS DOI).
If you go to the doctor with an infection, it is very likely that you will get away with a broad-spectrum antibiotic. This is because your doctor does not take a sample and send it to the laboratory for cultivation, they do not know what type of bacteria is causing your infection. Prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics increases the likelihood that they will affect your infection, but your intestinal bacteria will be more severely affected.
When researchers gave mice or a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, as a combination of three antibiotics (amoxicillin, bismuth, and metronidazole), both antibiotic treatments caused significant changes in the gut microbial community.
Normal Gut Flora (gut Bacteria): A Necessity For Good Health
Mice receiving the broad-spectrum antibiotic did not return to their normal range, but other mice receiving the amoxicillin-containing combination generally – but not completely – returned to pre-treatment levels (Source: IAI.ASM).
Our early years seem to be key to establishing a healthy microbiome for life. One study found an association between antibiotics given in the first year of life and later neurocognitive difficulties such as ADHD, depression and anxiety (Source: Vilei), and another found that the more antibiotics a person receives in adolescence, the greater its risk of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (Source: NCBI).
Others have linked exposure to antibiotics in the uterus and early childhood (and subsequently altered gut microbial composition) to the development of asthma later in life (Source: BMJ) and obesity in children as well as adults (Source: Science Direct).
In a healthy, diverse gut microbiome, they help protect microbial populations from the invasion of pathogens that can cause infection or disease. They work together, using different methods to inhibit pathogens, such as:
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If resident intestinal microorganisms are depleted during antibiotic use, these protective functions may be discontinued. Then pathogenic bacteria can settle in and upset the balance.
Research has revealed an interesting strategy that some bacteria use to make up for after antibiotics. They use resistance genes – which scientists call “resist” – to ensure they are never eradicated.
After trying to eradicate certain types of bacteria with antibiotics, the researchers examined the microbiome of 12 healthy men over a period of six months and documented collateral damage.
Initial changes included the “blooming” of certain species of potentially harmful bacteria, along with the depletion of friendly Bifidobacterium and butyrate-producing species. However, the researchers say that the intestinal microbiota of the subjects recovered within 1.5 months – “almost” to the original level.
Lori Calabrese Md Shows You How To Make Your Gut Microbiome Work For You
However, it is important to note that nine common species, which were present in all subjects before treatment, remained undetected in most subjects after 180 days (Source: DKS DOI).
There is no definite way to help your gut bacteria recover from antibiotics. The reality is that although the science of the microbiome is advancing rapidly, there is still so much we don’t know.
There is something we know for sure: a healthy microbiome refers to diversity, and antibiotics do not stimulate it at all. You can take a leading role in gut health and learn ways to improve the diversity of your microbiome in our gut health program.
Now let’s see what research can tell us about how we can increase that diversity, whether it’s after antibiotics or not.
The Role Of Good Bacteria In The Gut
Some studies have found that taking probiotics can reduce the risk of invading opportunistic pathogens (Source: NCBI) and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (Source: JAMA). But it is likely that different strains of probiotics have very different effects on different people.
Some probiotics have been shown to survive stomach acid and reach the gut to form a protective barrier against potentially harmful bacteria. Culture is one example.
The best time to take probiotics when taking antibiotics is at least three hours apart. This gives probiotics the best chance of survival (Source: NCBI).
Saccharomyces Boulardii is a useful yeast that can help stop the spread of Candida (opportunistic yeast) after a series of antibiotics. Candida is usually present in small amounts in most people, but it can take over and cause problems if there is a chance. Saccharomyces Boulardii has also been found to maintain and restore the intestinal barrier (Source: NCBI). Most importantly, since it is a yeast – there are no bacteria – antibiotics have no effect on it.
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Interestingly, recent small research has shown that probiotics can actually inhibit the return of the natural gut microbiota. The original gut microbiome of the group of people who consumed probiotics 28 days after the use of antibiotics took longer to recover compared to the group that did not take probiotics (Source: Cell).
This particular study also examined the benefits of something called ‘autologous fecal microbiota transfusion’ (aFMT), in which scientists recovered bacteria that participants had to take with antibiotics by freezing their old stools (yes, feces) and freezing to return into her colon when the course was over.
Sounds crazy? According to the chief investigator, that caused “a quick and almost complete recovery within a few days from the administration”. This evidence of the benefits of AFMT after antibiotics has prompted a clinic in the UK to offer a stool freezing service for people who will be undergoing severe antibiotic treatment.
Another strategy for restoring your intestinal flora with antibiotics is to make sure you feed it properly: the food your intestinal beetles love. This means eating foods that contain high levels of prebiotics.
Ways To Improve The Gut Microbiome
Prebiotics are food for bacteria in our colon because they are not digested ‘further up’ in our small intestine. Prebiotic foods are usually rich in fiber and plant polyphenols. So eat lots of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and whole grains.
You can also try prebiotic supplements such as inulin: a plant sugar that has been found to reduce the various effects of breaking down the antibiotic ampicillin in bacterial cultures (Source: NCBI).
In a recent study, a group of Italian researchers compared the intestinal microbes of young villagers in Burkina Faso, Africa, with the germs of children in Florence, Italy. The villagers, who ate mostly millet and sorghum (whole grains), had much more microbial diversity than the Italians, who ate a typical Western diet. They found that beetles in the intestines of Italian children are adapted to proteins, fats and simple sugars, while the microbiome of Burkina Faso favors glass fibers (Source: NCBI).
One of the researchers from the study in Burkina Faso wanted to know more about the role of glass fiber in our microbiome, that they went through another study that showed that one group of mice ate a lot of fiber and another group a sweet western diet. . While fiber-fed mice developed a more diverse microbiome, diversity fell to those on the Western diet. Interestingly, they also reported that mice that starved of fiber were also worse and harder to treat! (Source: NCBI).
Hard Facts About Your Gut Bacteria And Weight Loss
Studies have found that stress triggers a fight or flight reaction that releases hormones in different parts of your body, which in turn affects your microbiome and reduces diversity (Source: NCBI). To combine the situation, this altered intestinal microbial population then affects the regulation of neurotransmitters, further increasing stress (Source: NCBI).
Exercise changes the composition of your microbiome. One study found that exercise can enrich the diversity in your microbiome, improving the balance of certain families of bacteria that could potentially contribute to weight loss (Source: Hindavi).
Moreover, researchers have concluded that exercise stimulates the growth of bacteria that can improve the integrity of your intestinal barrier and protect against gastrointestinal disorders and colon cancer.
Most bacterial families appear to return to normal levels about two months after treatment (Source: NCBI). However, this response is based on studies dealing with the effects of a single, short-term course of antibiotics. We must keep in mind that ‘most’ families of bacteria do not mean everything, and lost families can play an important role in the delicate ecosystem of our gut (Source: OUP), (Source: ASM).
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